Zinthu zazing'ono zimakhala zosokoneza nthawi yosungira ndi kunyamula, ndipo zinthu zambiri nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pamodzi motsatira malamulo ena. Kuyika mabokosi owonetsera zinthu asanayambe kusindikizidwa kumatanthauza kusonkhanitsa zinthu zazing'ono zambiri zomwe zapakidwa kapena zosapakidwa mu chidebe chachikulu chomwe chingakwezedwe kapena kunyamulidwa kudzera mu chidebe kuti zithandize kugwiritsa ntchito makina ponyamula, kutsitsa ndi kusamalira. Zidebe zitha kugawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi limodzi malinga ndi mawonekedwe awo: zidebe zokulungidwa, zidebe za pallet, matumba a zidebe, maukonde a zidebe ndi zidebe. Cholinga cha kuyika zidebe ndikusunga mphamvu ya anthu ndikuchepetsa mayendedwe ndibokosi lowonetsera lisanatulutsidwemtengo wogulira katundu.
Bokosi lowonetsera loyambiriranjira yopakira
Kumanga ndi kuyika mu ziwiya ndi njira yogwirira ntchito pamodzi yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomangira kuti iphatikize katundu monga zinthu zachitsulo, matabwa, kapena mapaketi ang'onoang'ono mu chipangizo chodziyimira pawokha chonyamulira deta. Chithunzi 7-17 chikuwonetsa momwe ma pallet ndi mapaketi osiyanasiyana amagwirira ntchito. Mapaketi awabokosi lowonetsera lisanatulutsidweNjirayi imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa zolongedza, imakhala yotsika mtengo, yosavuta kusunga, kukweza, kutsitsa, ndi kunyamula, ndipo ili ndi ntchito zotseka, kutseka, kuteteza kuba, komanso kuteteza zinthu kuti zisatayike kapena kugwa.
Zipangizo zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiribokosi lowonetsera lisanatulutsidwe
Zipangizo zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi monga waya wachitsulo, zingwe zachitsulo, polyester, nayiloni, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride ndi zingwe zina zapulasitiki zomangira ndi zingwe zomangira zolimba. Waya wachitsulo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomangirira zinthu zolimba monga ma profiles achitsulo, mapaipi, njerwa, mabokosi amatabwa, ndi zina zotero. Mukamamanga mabokosi amatabwa, amaikidwa m'mphepete ndi m'makona a mabokosi amatabwa. Zingwe zachitsulo ndi mtundu wa zingwe zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri yokoka. Zili ndi liwiro laling'ono lokulitsa ndipo sizikhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha. Zili ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zosunga kupsinjika ndipo zimatha kupirira kupsinjika kwa katundu wopanikizika kwambiri, koma zimakhala ndi dzimbiri. Malamba a polyester ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu yokoka komanso kukana kugwedezeka, mphamvu zabwino zobwezeretsa kusinthasintha komanso kukana kupsinjika, kukana mankhwala, komanso kusungira bwino kwa nthawi yayitali. Amatha kusintha malamba achitsulo kuti apangidwebokosi lowonetsera lisanatulutsidweZinthu zolemera. Zingwe za nayiloni ndi zotanuka, zolimba, zolimba, zopindika bwino, zopindika bwino, zosagwirizana ndi madzi, zosagwirizana ndi mankhwala, komanso zopepuka. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pomanga ndi kulongedza zinthu zolemera, mapaleti, ndi zina zotero. Zingwe za polyethylene ndi zipangizo zabwino kwambiri zomangira zinthu zamanja. Zili ndi zolimba bwino komanso zosagwirizana ndi madzi ndipo ndizoyenera kumangirira zinthu zaulimi zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Zitha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe odalirika komanso okhazikika, zokhazikika posungira, komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Lamba wa polypropylene ndi wopepuka komanso wofewa, uli ndi mphamvu zambiri, sulowa madzi.
Phaleti ndi chipangizo chosungiramo zinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulongedza katundu mwanjira inayake ndipo chimatha kukwezedwa, kutulutsidwa ndi kunyamulidwa.bokosi lowonetsera lisanatulutsidweNdi njira yophatikizana yopangira zinthu yomwe imaphatikiza ma phukusi angapo kapena katundu kukhala chipangizo chodziyimira pawokha m'njira inayake. Ndi yoyenera ntchito zonyamula katundu ndi kutsitsa katundu pogwiritsa ntchito makina, imathandizira kasamalidwe kamakono ka malo osungiramo katundu, ndipo imatha kusintha kwambiri kunyamula katundu ndi kutsitsa katundu ndi kunyamula katundu moyenera. Mulingo wowongolera malo osungiramo katundu.
1. Bokosi lowonetsera loyambiriranjira yopangira mapaleti
(1) Kulongedza mapaletibokosi lowonetsera lisanatulutsidwendi makhalidwe ake Ubwino wa ma pallet closure ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino, kulongedza bwino komanso kokhazikika, zomwe zingapewe vuto la ma pallet kusowa m'mabokosi panthawi yosungira, kukweza, kutsitsa, kunyamula ndi njira zina zoyendera. Ndi yoyenera kukweza, kutsitsa ndi kunyamula makina akuluakulu. Poyerekeza ndi kudalira anthu ogwira ntchito ndi makina ang'onoang'ono kuti akweze ndikutsitsa ma pallet ang'onoang'ono, kugwira ntchito bwino kwake kumatha kukulitsidwa kwambiri, ndipo kungachepetse kwambiri kuthekera kwa kugundana, kugwa, kutaya ndi kunyamula katundu mosasamala panthawi yosungira, kukweza ndi kutsitsa, kunyamula ndi njira zina zoyendera, kuonetsetsa kuti katundu wabwerera bwino. Komabe, ma pallet closure amawonjezera mtengo wopanga ndi kukonza ma pallet, ndipo amafunika kugula makina oyendetsera oyenera. Ziwerengero zoyenera zikuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ma pallet closurebokosi lowonetsera lisanatulutsidweM'malo mogwiritsa ntchito mapepala oyamba, zingachepetse kwambiri ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa zinthu, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa ndi 45% pa zipangizo zapakhomo, kuchepetsa ndi 60% pazinthu zamapepala, kuchepetsa ndi 55% pa zinthu zogulira, ndi kuchepetsa ndi 15% pa galasi lathyathyathya ndi njerwa zosalimba.
(2) Njira zokonzera mapaleti Kawirikawiri pali njira zinayi zokonzera mapaleti, zomwe ndi njira yosavuta yowoneranso, njira yopita patsogolo ndi yobwerera m'mbuyo, njira yopingasa ndi njira yozungulira yokonzera mataleti, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 7-18. Njira zosiyanasiyana zokonzera mataleti zili ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwake, zomwe ziyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili.
Mu kuyika zinthu mozungulirana mosavuta, katundu pa gawo lililonse amakonzedwa mofanana, koma palibe kupingana. Katundu nthawi zambiri amalekanitsidwa mosavuta kutalika, amakhala ndi kukhazikika kofooka, ndipo amafunika mphamvu yayikulu yopondereza ya gawo la pansi la katundu. Poganizira za kukonza magwiridwe antchito a kuyika zinthu ndikupereka mphamvu yonse yopondereza ya kuyika zinthu, kuyika zinthu mozungulirana mosavuta ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yoyika zinthu mozungulirana. Mapangidwe oyika zinthu m'magawo owerengeka ndi zigawo zofanana za kuyika zinthu kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo zimasiyana ndi 180°. Kuyika zinthu m'magawo ndi kwabwino, ndipo kukhazikika kwa katundu wa pallet ndi kwakukulu. Njira yoyika zinthu m'magawo amenewa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa ma pallet ang'onoang'ono, ndipo kutalika ndi m'lifupi mwa katunduyo ndi 3:2 kapena 6:5. Magawo osagwirizana ndi ofanana a kuyika zinthu m'magawo ozungulira amaikidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Mayendedwe a mapangidwe oyika zinthu m'magawo awiri oyandikana amasiyana ndi 90°. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa ma pallet apakati. Mu kuyika zinthu motsatizana, poyika zinthu mu gawo lililonse, njira imasinthidwa ndi 90° kuti ipange malo olumikizirana kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika, koma chifukwa pakati pa malowo pamakhala mabowo, zomwe zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito pamwamba pa phale, njira iyi yoyika zinthu imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa ma phaleti ang'onoang'ono. Pofuna kutsimikizira sayansi ndi chitetezo cha kuyika zinthu mu ma phaleti mwanjira inayake, popanga ma phaleti, ndikofunikira kunena za muyezo wa dziko lonse wa CB4892 "Rigid Cuboid Transport Packaging Dimension Series" kutengera mtundu wa katundu, kulemera kwa phaleti ndi kukula kwake, ndi zina zotero. ", GB 13201 "Rigid Cylinder Transportation Packaging Dimension Series" ndi GB 13757 "Bag Transportation Packaging Dimension Series" ndi miyezo ina kuti mudziwe bwino njira yoyika zinthu mu phaleti, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito phaleti pamwamba nthawi zambiri sikochepera 80%.
Mfundo zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito posankha njira zokonzera mapaleti ndi izi:
① Katundu wolimba wamakona anayi monga zotengera zamatabwa, mapepala ndi zitsulo ziyenera kuyikidwa mu mzere umodzi kapena zingapo zokhazikika ndikukhazikika ndi zomangira zotambasuka kapena zomangira zocheperako; ② Katundu wa mapepala kapena ulusi Gwiritsani ntchito zomangira zokhazikika zamitundu imodzi kapena zambiri zomangira zokhazikika ndikutseka ndi tepi yolumikizira; ③ Zomangira zachitsulo zotsekedwa ndi zinthu zina zozungulira ziyenera kuyikidwa mu mzere umodzi kapena zingapo zomangira zokhazikika ndikulimbitsidwa ndi zophimba zamatabwa; ④ Zosanyowa, zosalowa madzi, ndi zina zotero. Zinthu zoteteza mapepala ndi nsalu ziyenera kuyikidwa mu zigawo zingapo ndikukhazikika, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zomangira zotambasuka, zomangira zocheperako kapena kuwonjezera zothandizira zamakona, zophimba ndi zina zomangira zolimbitsa; ⑤ Katundu wofooka ayenera kuyikidwa mu mzere umodzi kapena zingapo, ndi zomangira zamatabwa zowonjezera kapangidwe ka magawo; ⑥ Zomangira zozungulira za mabotolo achitsulo kapena katundu zimayikidwa molunjika mu mzere umodzi kuti ziwonjezeke
Kapangidwe kake kamalimbikitsidwa ndi mafelemu a katundu ndi ma slats; ⑦ Matumba a katundu nthawi zambiri amaikidwa mozungulira kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Mu phukusi la mapaleti, chinthu chopakira pansi chimakhala ndi katundu woponderezedwa wa katundu wapamwamba, ndipo mikhalidwe yoponderezedwa kwa nthawi yayitali imapangitsa kuti chidebe chopakira kapena zinthuzo zikwere, zomwe zimakhudza kukhazikika kwa phukusi la mapaleti. Chifukwa chake, popanga phukusi la mapaleti, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mphamvu yopakira ya zotengera zopakira ndikuganizira za momwe zotengera zopakira kapena zinthu zopakira zimakhalira kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha katundu panthawi yosungira ndi kunyamula.
(3) Njira yokonzera mapaleti Panthawi yosungira ndi kunyamula katundu wodzazidwa ndi mapaleti, kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndi zokhazikika, njira zoyenera zomangira ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zisagwe. Pazinthu zomwe zimafuna kuti zisagwere chinyezi komanso zisalowe madzi, njira zoyenera ziyenera kutengedwa. Njira zomangira mapaleti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiribokosi lowonetsera lisanatulutsidwekuphatikiza zomangira, zomatira, zokutira, ndi zowonjezera zoteteza, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito limodzi. Njira zomangira ndi zomangira nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zachitsulo ndi zingwe zapulasitiki ku ma phukusi ndi ma pallets opingasa komanso olunjika kuti zinthu zopakidwa zisagwedezeke panthawi yonyamula. () (e) Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 7-19, njira zosiyanasiyana zomangira ma pallet. Pa ma pallets omwe sangakwaniritse ma phukusi onyamulabokosi lowonetsera lisanatulutsidweZofunikira zitakonzedwa, zowonjezera zotetezera ziyenera kusankhidwa ngati pakufunika. Zowonjezera zotetezera zimapangidwa ndi pepala, pulasitiki, chitsulo kapena zinthu zina.
2.Bokosi lowonetsera loyambiriranjira yopangira ma pallet
Kukula kwa ma pallet kwasinthidwa. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ma pallet amagwirira ntchito bwino, bokosi la zinthu liyenera kusakanikirana bwino. Ubwino wa ma pallet umakhudza mwachindunji chitetezo cha zinthu zomwe zapakidwa mu ndondomeko yoyendera. Ma pallet opakidwa bwino amatha kusintha ubwino ndi chitetezo cha ma pallet, kufulumizitsa kayendedwe ka zinthu, ndikuchepetsa ndalama zoyendera ndi kuyika ma pallet. Pali njira ziwiri zopangira ma pallet: "mkati-kunja" ndi "kunja-mkati".
(1) Njira yopangira "mkati-kunja" ndiyo kupanga ma CD amkati, ma CD akunja ndi ma pallet motsatizana malinga ndi kukula kwa chinthucho. Chogulitsacho chimayikidwa m'ma phukusi ang'onoang'ono motsatizana kuchokera ku malo opangira zinthu, kenako malinga ndi ma CD ang'onoang'ono angapo kapena akuluakulu. Sankhani mabokosi opaka kutengera ma CD amodzi ndi amodzi.bokosi lowonetsera lisanatulutsidwe, kenako sonkhanitsani mabokosi osankhidwa oti mupake pa ma pallet, kenako muwanyamule kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Kapangidwe kake kakuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 7-20. Malinga ndi kukula kwa phukusi lakunja, momwe limayikidwira pa pallet lingathe kudziwika. Popeza pali njira zambiri zoyikira mabokosi okhala ndi makoko a kukula kwina pa pallet, ndikofunikira kuyerekeza njira zosiyanasiyana ndikusankha yankho labwino kwambiri.
Popanga ma pallet pallet, njira yodziwika padziko lonse yopangira ma pallet ya cuboid yolimba [600, 400] iyenera kutsatiridwa, ndipo miyeso [1200, 800] ndi [12001000] mu standard ya dziko lonse ya GB2934 "Miyeso Yaikulu ndi Kulekerera kwa Ma Universal Flat Pallets a Intermodal Transport" iyenera kukondedwa. Ma pallet otsatizana kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino malo a pallet ndikuchepetsa ndalama zogulira ndi zoyendera. Kapangidwe ka ma pallet akuluakulu katha kumalizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yopangira ma pallet stacking.
3. Bokosi lowonetsera loyambiriraukadaulo wolongedza ziwiya
Phaleti ndi chidebe chamtundu wa chimango chokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri ndipo ndi choyenera kwambiri kulongedza zinthu zolemera zokhala ndi zomangamanga zovuta komanso magulu akuluakulu. Zinthu zina zimakhala ndi magulu akuluakulu komanso mawonekedwe ovuta ndipo sizingapakedwe m'mapaleti. Kapangidwe ka chimango nthawi zambiri kamapangidwa ndi chitsulo, matabwa kapena zinthu zina. Ntchito yake ndikukonza ndi kuteteza zinthu, komanso kupereka zida zothandizira zonyamulira, kunyamula foloko ndi kuyika zinthu zambiri pambuyo pozisonkhanitsa. Mtundu uwu wa kapangidwe ka chimango umatchedwa phaleti, yomwe imatha kubwezeretsedwanso ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
Chidebe ndi bokosi lalikulu logulitsira katundu komanso chidebe chachikulu chogulitsira zinthu zo ...
Komiti Yaukadaulo ya Zotengera ya ISO/TC104 ya International Organization for Standardization imatanthauzira chidebe ngati "chidebe chomwe chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo chili ndi mphamvu zokwanira; chitha kusamutsidwa panthawi yoyendera popanda kusuntha katundu m'chidebecho, chitha kusinthidwa mwachindunji, chitha kukwezedwa mwachangu ndikutsitsidwa, ndipo chitha kusamutsidwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku njira yoyendera. Chimasamutsidwa mosavuta kupita ku njira ina yoyendera, yosavuta kudzaza ndi kutulutsa katundu, ndi chidebe chonyamulira chokhala ndi voliyumu yoposa 1m." Pali njira zambiri zogawa zidebezo, ndipo zimagawidwa m'zidebe za aluminiyamu, zidebe zachitsulo ndi zidebe za fiberglass malinga ndi zipangizo. . Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake, zimagawidwa m'zidebe zozungulira, zidebe zopindika, zidebe zopyapyala ndi zidebe zamafelemu. Malinga ndi cholinga, zimagawidwa m'zidebe zogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse ndi zidebe zapadera. Zidebe zogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, ndiko kuti, zidebe zonyamula katundu wouma nthawi zonse, ndi zidebe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi mulingo wapamwamba wa muyezo. Nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula zinthu zomalizidwa zamafakitale kapena mapaketi omwe safuna kulamulira kutentha. Makontena apadera ndi ma kontena okhala ndi zofunikira zapadera pamapaketi kapena katundu winawake, monga ma kontena akuluakulu, ma kontena otseguka pamwamba, ma kontena osungidwa mufiriji, ma kontena otetezedwa, ma kontena olowa mpweya, ma kontena otseguka mbali zonse, ma kontena oyika mbale, ma kontena a thanki, ndi ma kontena okhala ndi mpanda.
Kuyika chidebebokosi lowonetsera lisanatulutsidweUkadaulo umaphatikizapo kukonzekera dongosolo losungira katundu m'makontena, kusankha njira yonyamulira katundu ndi njira yoperekera katundu.
ndi zina zotero. Kuti mudziwe zofunikira, chonde onani miyezo yoyendera zidebe.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-22-2024