Kugwiritsa ntchito fodya kumapitilirabe kuchititsa matenda oletsa komanso kufa ku Canada. Mu 2017, oposa 47,000 adatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa Canada ku Canada 2035.
Masamba omveka adalandiridwa ndi anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pofika pa Julayi 2020, momvekaM'tanjaChovala cha nduduyakhazikitsidwa kwathunthu paopanga ndi ogulitsa m'maiko 14: Australia (2012); France ndi United Kingdom (2017); New Zealand, Norway, ndi Ireland (2018); Uruguay, ndi Thailand (2019); Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Israel, ndi Slovenia (Januware 2020); Canada (February 2020); ndi Singapore (Julayi 2020). Pofika Januware 2022, Belgium, Hungary, ndi Netherlands adzakhala ndi zida zomveka bwino.
Ripoti ili likuwunikiranso umboni wochokera ku International Foocacco (ITC) Yowunika Ndondomeko yothandiza pakugwira ntchito momveka bwino ku Canada. Kuyambira 2002, polojekiti ya intc yachita kafukufuku wautali m'maiko 29 kuti muone momwe malingaliro oyendetsera Ty 29 kuti muonenso mfundo zowongolera za World Health Controgration pa Forbacco (yemwe Fectc). Ipotilo likupereka zomwe zapezedwa pazomwe zimachitika pa Canada potengera zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kwa osuta akuluakulu asanakhale (2018) ndi (2020) Kuyambitsa komvekaM'tanjaChovala cha ndudu. Zambiri kuchokera ku Canada zimaperekedwanso pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku mayiko olowererapo kuchokera ku maiko 25 omwe ali ku Australia - kuphatikiza Australia, ku England, ku New Zealand, komwe kuwunika koonekera kwachitikanso.
Kutalika kokwanira kwambiri kuchepetsedwa kwa Perces - 45% ya osuta sadakonda mawonekedwe a ndudu yawo pambuyoM'tanja Chovala cha nduduadayambitsidwa, poyerekeza ndi 29% Chilamulo chisanachitike lipotili chidakonzedwa ndi Projekiti ya ITC ku University of Waterloo: Jan Cuman, Eunice Mengan, a Eunice ofmen, Eunice Mengan, Eunice Mengan, Eunice ofmen, Eunice Mengan, a Eunice ofmen, a Eunice Menga, ndi Geoffrey T. Fooffrey T. Fooffrey T. Fooffrey T. Tivomereza ndemanga kuchokera ku Cynthia Callalla, madokotala a Canada; Wa Conningham, Canadian khansa; Ndipo Francis Thompson, Healcridge pa zojambula izi. Makina ojambula ndi mawonekedwe adaperekedwa ndi Solya Loton wa Sentrik Graphic Solutions Incchic Resuretion Services; Ndipo Todia Martin, Gubs Project yakutanthauzira kwa French kuwunikiranso komanso kusintha. Ndalama zomwe zalembedwazi zidaperekedwa ndi mankhwala athanzi a Canada kugwiritsa ntchito ndi zochitika zowonjezera (Suap) dongosolo # 2021-HQ-000058. Mawonedwe omwe afotokozedwa pano samayimira kwenikweni lingaliro lazaumoyo wathanzi.
Makina osuta a ITC
Olamulira Officec Coltoctage yomveka bwino (yomwenso imadziwika kuti phukusi lokhazikika) limaperekedwa pansi pa fodya komanso kuvota) 4, 2018 ngati njira yovomerezeka kuti achepetse imfa yayikulu ya fodya ndi matenda ku Canada. OsalaraM'tanjaChovala cha nduduCholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa chidwi cha fodya ndipo chimayambitsidwa ndi malamulo ogulitsa a 2019 Fodya (chowoneka bwino komanso choyenera) 5% kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa osungirako fodya.
Malamulo omwe amafunsira kuti akwaniritse zogulitsa zonse za fodya, kuphatikizapo zopangidwa ndi machubu anu (ndutsi zokhala ndi fodya, ndipo zosasuta fodya sizikutidwa ndi zinthu za fodya TVPA.
4 Paketi yomveka ya ndudu, ndudu zazing'ono, zinthu zina zopangidwa ndi fodya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma ndutsi pa Novembala 9, 2020. 920. Nthawi yosintha masiku 180 yogulitsa fodya kuti atsatire ndi Meyi 8, 2021.5, 8
M'tanja Chovala cha nduduMalangizo atchulidwa kuti padziko lapansi, ndi malo ochulukirapo padziko lonse lapansi (onani Box 1). Mapaketi onse a fodya ayenera kukhala ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino wa bulauni, wopanda mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana komanso okongola, ndikuwonetsa, utoto, ndi kukula, ndi kukula kwamitengo. khalani ndi chilichonse; Ndipo kumapeto kwa Fyulutayi kuyenera kukhala chosalala ndipo sichingakuyendereni.M'tanja Chovala cha nduduAdzathetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe a slide ndi chipolopolo paopanga / Interger Information 9, 2021 (Ogulitsa ali ndi February 7, 2022 kuti agwirizane), motero kuletsa ma utoto apamwamba. Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsera slide ndi zipolopolo ndi zomvekaM'tanja Chovala cha ndudu Komwe uthenga wankhani wazachipatala umavumbulutsidwa kumbuyo kwa malo osanjidwa pomwe paketiyo imatsegulidwa. Canada ndiye dziko loyamba ladziko lapansi kuti lizifuna kusalala ndi zipolopolo ndipo inali yoyamba kuti mufune kuperewera kwaulere.
M'tanjaChovala cha nduduMalamulo ndi olimba kwambiri padziko lapansi komanso woyamba ku:
Kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito maofesi ofotokozera za utoto mu mayina ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana
• Kufuna mtundu wa slide ndi shell
• amafunikira mtundu wa bulauni mkati mwa phukusi
• Kuletsa ndudu kutalika kuposa 85mm
• Ban Slim ndudu zosakwana 7.65mm mu mainchesi
Globalments Yopangidwa ndi Malamulo a Canada
Canada sanakhazikitse machenjezo atsopano ndi akuluakulu azaumoyo (makwere) pa ma phukusi a ndudu pafupi ndi malamulo omveka bwino, monga momwe mayiko ena amafunikira ku Australia, United Kingrica, France, ndi New Zealand. Komabe,Paketi ya ndudu ya CanadaMachenjezo (75% ya kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo) adzakhala wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi atakumana ndi machenjerero azaka zatsopano za ku Canada. Kusuta ndi kafukufuku amene amasuta, omwe amapereka chidziwitso cha lipotilo.
Lipotili limapereka chidziwitso kuchokera ku ITC Canada yosuta ndi kuvota momveka bwino ndi kafukufuku wofanana ndi kafukufuku wamkulu wa ku United States, komwe kudachitika Omwe amasuta ndi osuta osuta ndi ma vepers omwe adalembedwanso ku National Web pa intaneti mdziko lililonse. Kafukufuku wa mphindi 45 akuphatikizapo mafunso omwe anali ofunikira pakuwunika komveka, yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi polojekiti yodziwika bwino ku Australia, England, New Zealand, ndi France. The Itc Canada komanso kafukufuku yemwe anali atayitanidwawo adachitika pakati pa ounikira anthu omwe amasulidwa kale mu 2018 za malamulo awo a fodya ndi zofunikira zakusintha kwa ma phws (onaninso tebulo 1). Lipoti la Oustralia, ndipo United States Lidafotokozedwanso
Zambiri pazomwe zimachitika komanso kafukufuku wamdziko lililonse zimaperekedwa mu Intc Foutage ndi Kafukufuku Wosanja
Malipoti aukadaulo, akupezeka ku:https://itcprogy.org/methods/
Pulojekiti ya itc idasindikizidwa kale pazomwe zimapangitsa kuti patsamba lomveka ku New Zealand18 ndi England19. Mapepala a Syc asayansi apezekanso kuwunika kwambiri kwa zomwe zikuchitika ku Canada ndi mayiko ena, komanso kufananiza kwa mayiko omwe amapezeka m'maiko onse omwe ayambitsa chigwaM'tanjaChovala cha ndudu.Kusiyana pang'ono pakati pazotsatira zomwe zidanenedwa ku Canada mu mapepala asayansi ndipo zotsatira zake zomwe zalembedwazo zimachitika chifukwa cha njira zosinthira, koma osasintha zomwe zapezedwa.
Zotsatira za ku Canada zomwe zimaperekedwa pamtanda zimatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera kuzochitika za 2020 zomwe zimaperekedwa mu lipoti ili chifukwa cha kusanthula kwa mtundu uliwonse wa kusanthula .Iiii
Pa nthawi yowunikira ku Canada yowunikira ku Canada, mapaketi ambiri obisika anali pamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri.
Kafukufuku wochitidwa m'maiko osiyanasiyana awonetsa kuti mapaketi a ndudu a ndudu sakhala ocheperako kwa osuta kuposa ma phukusi opangidwa.12-16
Kafukufuku wa ITC adawonetsa kuti panali kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa osuta aku Canada omwe adapeza chiphaso chawo "osalimbikitsa M'tanjaChovala cha ndudu.Kuchepa kwakukulu kumeneku kunali kosiyana ndi mayiko ena awiri oyerekezereka.
There was a significant increase in the percentage of smokers who said they did not like the look of their cigarette pack after the implementation of plain packaging in Canada (from 29% in 2018 to 45% in 2020). Kukopa chidwi kwambiri ku Australia (komwe kunyamula kwapadera komwe kudakhazikitsidwa kuphatikiza ndi ma phws akuluakulu mu 2012), ndi magawo awiri mwa atatu a osuta kuti sakonda mawonekedwe awo mu 2018 (62). Mosiyana ndi izi, kuchuluka kwa anthu osuta omwe anati sanakonde mawonekedwe awo pacy (9% mu 2018 ndi 12% mu 2020), momveka bwino sikunapangidwe (onani Chithunzi 3).
Zotsatirazi ndizogwirizana ndi zomwe zapezeka kuti zikuchitika pakuwonjezeka kwa osuta omwe sanakonde mawonekedwe a paphiri
Zomwe tapezazi zikuwonjezeranso umboni kuchokera ku maphunziro omwe amafalitsidwa kuchepetsedwa pamapulogalamu owoneka bwino ndi ma phws akuluakulu ku Australia20, 21 ndi njira zabwino zaM'tanjaChovala cha nduduPakuchepetsa paketi yakumaso ndi kupitirira kukula kwa PhWS ku England.22
Kafukufuku wina waposachedwa akuwunikira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ufumu wa United Kingdom ndi ku Norway Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zambiri zomwe zimapangidwira kuwunika mokwanira ndi zomwe zingachitike chifukwa chosasintha popanda kusintha machenjerero a Health. Asanakhazikitsidwe ndi zomwe zikuchitika, mayiko onsewa anali ndi machenjezo omwewo pa mapaketi a ndudu (43% meseji yolemba kutsogolo, 53% phw kumbuyo).
Pambuyo kukhazikitsa ma CLUAGagia odziwika bwino ndi PhWS GWS (65% ya kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo) ku United Kingdom, kuwerengetsa kwa machenjerero, kupewetsa machenjerero
Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, panali kuchepa kwakukulu pakuzindikira, kuwerenga, ndi kuyang'ana kwambiri machenjezo, ndipo mwina asiya kusinthika kwa Universations adawonedwa ku Norway akuwonetsa kutiM'tanja Chovala cha nduduimapangitsa kuti machenjeredwe a New Profection, koma sangathe kuwonjezera machenjerero akale /
Post Nthawi: Jun-15-2024