Momwe Amapangira Matumba a Mapepala

Mu nthawi yomwe kukhazikika kwa zinthu komanso kuzindikira zachilengedwe zikukhala zofunika kwambiri, matumba a mapepala akhala njira yotchuka m'malo mwa matumba apulasitiki achikhalidwe. Koma kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe matumba amenewa amapangira zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso zosawononga chilengedwe? Munkhaniyi, tikambirana za njira yovuta yopangira zinthumatumba a mapepala, kufufuza sitepe iliyonse kuyambira kupeza zinthu zopangira mpaka kugula zinthu zomaliza. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiyambe ulendo wosangalatsawu kuti timvetse bwinomomwe amapangiramatumba a mapepala.

Chiyambi

Kufunika kwamatumba a mapepalayawonjezeka kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwapa, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso cha zotsatira zoyipa zachilengedwe za mapulasitiki ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha. Mosiyana ndi matumba apulasitiki, omwe angatenge zaka mazana ambiri kuti awonongeke,matumba a mapepalaZikhoza kuwola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri kwa ogula omwe akufuna kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Koma kodi n’chiyani kwenikweni chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku zimenezi? Tiyeni tipeze yankho.

1. Kupeza Zinthu Zopangira

Ulendo wolengamatumba a mapepalaimayamba ndi kusankha zipangizo zapamwamba kwambiri. Chofunikira chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangamatumba a mapepalandi matabwa a mitengo, ochokera ku mitengo monga paini, spruce, ndi hemlock. Mitengo iyi imadulidwa kuchokera ku nkhalango zosamalidwa bwino kuti zitsimikizire kuti chiwerengero chake chikuwonjezeredwa. Mitengo ikadulidwa, imasamutsidwa kupita ku mafakitale a mapepala komwe imadutsa njira zingapo kuti isinthe kukhala pepala logwiritsidwa ntchito.

2. Kupukuta ndi Kuyeretsa (Pulping and Bleaching)matumba a mapepala）

Pa fakitale ya mapepala, matabwawo amadulidwa mzidutswa tating'ono kenako n’kusakanizidwa ndi madzi kuti apange matope. Kenako chisakanizochi chimatenthedwa ndikuphikidwa kuti chiswe lignin, polima wovuta wachilengedwe womwe umalumikiza ulusi wa cellulose pamodzi mu matabwa. Chomwe chimachokeracho chimadziwika kuti pulp. Kuti akwaniritse kuyera ndi kuwala komwe amafunikira, pulp imadutsa mu njira yoyera pogwiritsa ntchito hydrogen peroxide kapena mankhwala ena. Izi sizimangowonjezera mawonekedwe a chinthu chomaliza komanso zimathandiza kuchotsa zonyansa zilizonse zomwe zingakhalepo mu pulp.

3. Kupanga Mapepala (Mapepala Opangidwa)matumba a mapepala）

Mukamaliza kukonza zamkati, zimayikidwa pa lamba woyenda, womwe umalola madzi kutuluka, ndikusiya ulusi woonda. Kenako gawoli limakanizidwa ndikuumitsidwa kuti likhale pepala lopitirira. Kukhuthala ndi mphamvu ya pepalalo zitha kusinthidwa panthawiyi kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira za chinthu chomaliza.

4. Kudula ndi Kupinda (Kudula ndi Kupinda)matumba a mapepala）

Pambuyo poti pepalalo lapangidwa, limadulidwa m'mapepala a kukula ndi mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna pogwiritsa ntchito makina odulira molondola. Mapepalawa amapindidwa motsatira mizere yokonzedweratu kuti apange kapangidwe koyambira ka thumba la pepala. Pansi pa thumba nthawi zambiri pamakhala mapepala ena owonjezera kuti likhale lolimba komanso lolimba, kuonetsetsa kuti limatha kunyamula katundu wolemera popanda kung'ambika.

5. Kulukana ndi Kuyika Pansi (Bottom Tuck)matumba a mapepala）

Kuti chikwama cha pepala chikhale cholimba komanso cholimba, m'mbali mwa chikwamacho chimalumikizidwa pamodzi pogwiritsa ntchito guluu wotentha wosungunuka. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chikwamacho chisamasweke bwino akachigwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, pansi pa chikwamacho nthawi zambiri pamakhala mkati kuti chiwoneke bwino komanso kuti chiteteze kwambiri zomwe zili mkati mwake. Gawoli ndilofunika kwambiri poonetsetsa kuti chikwamacho chikhalebe bwino komanso chikugwira ntchito bwino nthawi yonse ya moyo wake.

6. Chogwirira Chomangira (chogwirira)matumba a mapepala）

Gawo lomaliza la ndondomekoyi ndi kulumikiza zogwirira ku thumba la pepala. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, monga zomangira, guluu, kapena kutseka kutentha. Mtundu wa chogwirira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito udzadalira zinthu monga momwe thumbalo likugwiritsidwira ntchito, kukula kwake, ndi kulemera kwa zomwe zili mkati mwake. Opanga ena amasankha zogwirira zathyathyathya zopangidwa ndi pepala lomwelo, pomwe ena amagwiritsa ntchito zogwirira zopotoka zopangidwa ndi ulusi wachilengedwe kuti zikhale zolimba komanso zokongola.

Zotsatira za ChilengedweMatumba a Mapepala

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwematumba a mapepalaZakhala zotchuka kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa chifukwa cha ubwino wawo pa chilengedwe poyerekeza ndi matumba apulasitiki achikhalidwe. Mosiyana ndi matumba apulasitiki, omwe angatenge zaka mazana ambiri kuti awole,matumba a mapepalaZikhoza kuwola ndipo zimatha kuwonongeka mwachilengedwe mkati mwa milungu kapena miyezi yochepa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri kwa ogula omwe akufuna kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.

Komanso,matumba a mapepalaamapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zongowonjezedwanso, monga mitengo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizithandiza kuchepetsa zinthu zosangowonjezedwanso monga mafuta kapena gasi wachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, kupangamatumba a mapepalaimafuna mphamvu zochepa kuposa kupanga matumba apulasitiki, zomwe zimachepetsanso kuwonongeka kwawo konse kwa chilengedwe.

Mapeto

Pomaliza, kupangamatumba a mapepalandi njira yovuta yomwe imafuna masitepe angapo, kuyambira kupeza zinthu zopangira mpaka kumangirira zogwirira. Komabe, ngakhale kuti ndi zovuta, zotsatira zake ndi chinthu chosinthasintha komanso chosawononga chilengedwe chomwe chili choyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Posankhamatumba a mapepalaKuposa apulasitiki, ogula angathandize kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndikuthandizira tsogolo lokhazikika. Chifukwa chake nthawi ina mukatenga thumba la pepala kusitolo, kumbukirani momwe amapangira matumba apepala ndipo mverani bwino popanga kusintha kwabwino padziko lapansi.