Machenjezo a Thanzi la Ndudu
Lamulo Loletsa Kusuta Fodya ndi Kuletsa Kusuta Fodya Pabanja (TCA) lapatsa FDA mphamvu zatsopano zoyendetsera kupanga, kutsatsa, ndi kufalitsa zinthu za fodya. TCA inasinthanso Gawo 4 la Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act (FCLAA), ndikulamula FDA kuti ipereke malamulo omwe amafuna kuti zithunzi zamitundu ziwonetse zotsatira zoyipa pa thanzi la kusuta zigwirizane ndi mawu atsopano ochenjeza. TCA ikusintha FCLAA kuti ifune kuti aliyensephukusi la ndudundi kulengeza kuti kukhale ndi limodzi mwa machenjezo atsopano ofunikira.
Mu Marichi 2020, FDA idamaliza "Machenjezo Ofunikira aMaphukusi a Ndudundi Zotsatsa”, zomwe zimakhazikitsa machenjezo atsopano 11 okhudza thanzi la ndudu, omwe ali ndi mawu ochenjeza okhudza zolemba pamodzi ndi zithunzi zamitundu, mu mawonekedwe a zithunzi zofananira, zomwe zikuwonetsa zotsatira zoyipa pa thanzi la kusuta ndudu. Machenjezo atsopanowa akuwonetsa zina mwa zoopsa zomwe sizidziwika bwino, koma zazikulu pa thanzi la kusuta.
FDA yatulutsanso "Machenjezo Ofunikira aMaphukusi a Ndudundi Malonda – Buku Lotsogolera Kutsatira Malamulo a Mabungwe Ang'onoang'ono” kuti lithandize mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono kumvetsetsa ndikutsatira lamulo lomaliza.
Mkhalidwe Wamakono wa Lamulo Lomaliza
Pa Disembala 7, 2022, Khoti Lalikulu la ku US la Eastern District of Texas linapereka lamulo mu mlandu wa RJ Reynolds Tobacco Co. et al. v. United States Food and Drug Administration et al., No. 6:20-cv-00176, lochotsa "Machenjezo Ofunikira aMaphukusi a Ndudundi Malonda” lamulo lomaliza. Pa 21 Marichi, 2024, Khothi Loona za Apilo la ku US la Fifth Circuit linapereka lingaliro losintha Khothi Lachigawo ndipo linagamula kuti lamulo la FDA likugwirizana ndi Lamulo Loyamba. Lingalirolo linatumiza mlanduwo ku Khothi Lachigawo kuti liwunikenso zomwe odandaulawo adapempha. Odandaulawo adapereka pempho loti athetsedwe kwakanthawi pa zomwe adapemphazo. Pa 14 Januwale, 2025, Khothi Lachigawo linapereka lamulo loyambirira ndipo linayimitsa tsiku loyambira la lamuloli mpaka chigamulo chomaliza cha mlanduwo chitaperekedwa.
Malangizo ku Makampani
Pa Seputembala 12, 2024, FDA idapereka malangizo kwa makampani omwe amafotokoza mfundo zoyendetsera ntchito za bungweli pa lamulo lomaliza. Komabe, posachedwapa, Khoti Lalikulu la FDA linalamula FDA kuti isagwiritse ntchito lamuloli ndipo linayimitsa tsiku loti lamuloli liyambe kugwira ntchito mpaka chigamulo chomaliza cha mlanduwo chitaperekedwa.
Machenjezo Ofunikira aMaphukusi a Ndudundi Malonda
Kukula ndi malo - Chenjezo lofunikira liyenera kukhala ndi osachepera 50 peresenti ya mapepala akutsogolo ndi akumbuyo a phukusi la ndudu (monga, mbali ziwiri zazikulu kapena pamwamba pa phukusi).
Pa makatoni a ndudu, machenjezo ofunikira ayenera kukhala kumanzere kwa mapanelo akutsogolo ndi akumbuyo a katoni ndipo ayenera kukhala ndi osachepera 50 peresenti ya mapanelo awa kumanzere. Chenjezo lofunikira liyenera kuwonekera mwachindunji pa phukusi ndipo liyenera kuwoneka bwino pansi pa cellophane iliyonse kapena kukulunga kwina kowonekera bwino.
Kuyang'ana - Chenjezo lofunikira liyenera kuyikidwa m'malo mwake kuti mawu a chenjezo lofunikira ndi zina zomwe zili pa bolodi la phukusili zikhale ndi mawonekedwe omwewo.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati gulu lakutsogolo laphukusi la ndudumuli zambiri, monga dzina la mtundu wa ndudu, kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja, chenjezo lofunikira, kuphatikizapo mawu ochenjeza, liyeneranso kuwonekera kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja.
Kuwonetsedwa ndi kugawa mwachisawawa komanso mofanana - Machenjezo onse 11 ofunikira pamaphukusi ayenera kuwonetsedwa mwachisawawa m'miyezi 12 iliyonse, mofanana kangapo momwe zingathere pa mtundu uliwonse wa malonda ndipo ayenera kugawidwa mwachisawawa m'madera onse a United States komwe malondawo akugulitsidwa, motsatira dongosolo la ndudu lovomerezedwa ndi FDA.
Machenjezo osachotsedwa kapena okhazikika - Machenjezo ofunikira ayenera kusindikizidwa mosatha kapena kumamatiridwa kosatha kuphukusi la ndudu.
Mwachitsanzo, machenjezo ofunikira awa sayenera kusindikizidwa kapena kuyikidwa pa chizindikiro chomangiriridwa ku chivundikiro chakunja chowonekera bwino chomwe chingachotsedwe kuti chipezeke mu phukusi.
Zotsatsa za Ndudu (Maphukusi a Ndudu）
Kukula ndi Malo - Pa malonda osindikizidwa ndi malonda ena okhala ndi mawonekedwe (kuphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, malonda pa zizindikiro, zowonetsera zamalonda, masamba a pa intaneti, masamba ochezera pa intaneti, nsanja za digito, mapulogalamu a pafoni, ndi makalata a imelo), chenjezo lofunikira liyenera kuwonekera mwachindunji pa malonda. Kuphatikiza apo, machenjezo ofunikira ayenera kukhala osachepera 20 peresenti ya malo otsatsawo mu mawonekedwe owonekera komanso owonekera bwino komanso malo pamwamba pa malonda aliwonse mkati mwa malo okongoletsa, ngati alipo.
Kusinthasintha - Machenjezo 11 ofunikira ayenera kusinthidwa kotala lililonse, motsatizana, mu malonda a mtundu uliwonse wa ndudu, mogwirizana ndi dongosolo la ndudu lovomerezedwa ndi FDA.
Machenjezo osachotsedwa kapena okhazikika - Machenjezo ofunikira ayenera kusindikizidwa mosalekeza kapena kumamatiridwa kosatha pa malonda a ndudu.
Mapulani a Ndudu a Machenjezo Ofunikira
Gawo 4 la FCLAA, monga momwe lasinthidwira ndi TCA, ndi lamulo lomaliza limafuna opanga, ogulitsa, ndi ogulitsa ndudu kuti apereke dongosolo la kuwonetsa ndi kugawa machenjezo ofunikira pa mapaketi a ndudu ndi kusinthana kwa machenjezo ofunikira kotala lililonse mu malonda a ndudu, ndikupeza chilolezo cha FDA cha mapulani awo zinthu zomwe ziyenera kukhala ndi machenjezo otere zisanalowe pamsika.
FDA yatulutsa "Kupereka Mapulani aMaphukusi a Ndudundi malangizo a Zotsatsa za Ndudu (Zosinthidwa)” kuti zithandize omwe akutumiza mapulani a ndudu zamapaketi a ndudundi zotsatsa.
Kufunika kopereka mapulani a ndudu kwamapaketi a ndudundi zotsatsa, ndi zofunikira zenizeni zokhudzana ndi kuwonetsedwa ndi kugawidwa kwa machenjezo ofunikira pa phukusi la ndudu komanso kusinthana kwa machenjezo ofunikira kotala lililonse mu malonda a ndudu, zikupezeka pa Gawo 4(c) la FCLAA ndi 21 CFR 1141.10.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-27-2025